The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2005)
There are two MRI viewing options for both charts: MRI 1 and MRI 2.
- MRI 1 was recorded in 2014 at Edinburgh Imaging Facility Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), with a frame rate of 7.5fps. Each file has been overdubbed with “clean” audio, recorded in a recording studio.
- MRI 2 was recorded in 2022-2023 at the Edinburgh Imaging Facility, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh (RIE), with a frame rate of 6.25fps and a 70% increase in image resolution, compared to MRI 1. Audio for the MRI 2 files was recorded in the MRI machine using an optical microphone and post-hoc noise cancelling. We aim to replace the MRI 2 audio with clean audio in the near future.
Other Symbols
Press on a symbol to play the associated video.
| ʍ | Voiceless labial-velar fricative | ɕʑ | Alveolo-palatal fricatives (left) voiced, (right) voiceless |
|---|---|---|---|
| w | Voiced labial-velar approximant | ɺ | Voiced alveolar lateral flap |
| ɥ | Voiced labial-palatal approximant | ɧ | Simultaneous |
| ʜ | Voiceless epiglottal fricative | t͜s k͡p | Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary which can be above or below the symbols. (Available only in MRI formats.) |
| ʢ | Voiced epiglottal fricative | tʃdʒ | Postalveolar affricates. Available only in MRI 2 and animation. N.B. these items do not appear in the original IPA Other Symbols chart. |
| ʡ | Epiglottal plosive |
Charts reprinted with permission from The International Phonetic Association
How to refer to this resource: Lawson, E., Stuart-Smith, J., Scobbie, J. M., Nakai, S. (2018). Seeing Speech: an articulatory web resource for the study of Phonetics. University of Glasgow. 12th July 2025. https://www.seeingspeech.ac.uk/